The implementation path to the transition of cultivated land protection includes a basic farmland reformation project, spatial usage control and zoning of cultivated land, tender and bid management for cultivated land leasing, and management innovation for facility agricultural land. Then, we propose an institutional framework for the transition of cultivated land protection in Shenzhen, which includes spatial optimization, management innovation, and safeguard systems. In this article, the present cultivated land protection situation in China and other countries is summarized, and the acreage change, spatial distribution, and land abandonment of cultivated land in Shenzhen are summarized and analyzed. Shenzhen, which is the city with the fastest economic growth in China and a highly urbanized area with a non-agricultural population, has very serious issues regarding cultivated land encroachment, spatially fragmented distribution, and land abandonment, which has rendered cultivated land protection extremely difficult. China conducts the most stringent cultivated land protection system worldwide, but the restraint mechanism of rigid control with pure administration cannot change the continuous decreasing trend in the acreage and quality of cultivated land. Cultivated land is a key resource and environmental factor for human survival and development, and internationally, special protection is generally imposed on cultivated land.
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